Abstract 

Polymer solar cells (PSCs) have emerged as a transformative photovoltaic technology, offering inherent advantages such as lightweight, flexibility, cost-effectiveness, and environmental friendliness. These attributes make PSCs particularly suitable for applications in wearable devices. Over the past decades, the evolution from fullerene-based acceptors to diverse small molecule acceptors (SMAs) has been driven by innovative molecular design and in-depth understanding of the structure-performance relationships. This progress has propelled PSCs to achieve unprecedented power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) beyond 20%. Yet, challenges related to stability and mechanical durability continue to hinder their path toward commercial application.